# Wrong Graph Plot using K-Means in Python

This is my first time implementing a Machine Learning Algorithm in Python. I tried implementing K-Means using Python and Sklearn for this dataset.

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# Importing the dataset
print("Input Data and Shape")
print(data.shape)

# Getting the values and plotting it
f1 = data['Area'].values
f2 = data['perimeter'].values
f3 = data['Compactness'].values
f4 = data['length_kernel'].values
f5 = data['width_kernel'].values
f6 = data['asymmetry'].values
f7 = data['length_kernel_groove'].values

X = np.array(list(zip(f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7)))
# Number of clusters
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=7)
kmeans = kmeans.fit(X)
# Getting the cluster labels
labels = kmeans.predict(X)
# Centroid values
centroids = kmeans.cluster_centers_

plt.scatter(X[:,0], X[:,1],cmap='rainbow')
plt.scatter(centroids[:,0], centroids[:1], color="black", marker='*')
plt.show()


The graph doesn't seem to plot the data correctly. How can I debug this issue?

• What is the dimensionality (ie. shape) of the array X? – JahKnows Nov 15 '17 at 8:03

Well, there are some issues:

• Dimension vs K: Before talking about visualization I would like to address some clustering concept. Your data is in 7 dimensions but it does not mean that you have 7 clusters! Be careful here. For instance I have two features of people let's say salary and number of years they have working experience. Here I have two features but does it mean that there necessary two categories inside the data? sure not!

• Visualization: Your data is in 7 dimension which is not visualizable. So you decided to reduce this to two which is a correct approach but you did a wrong thing for this correct approach. You can not take the first two features to visualize 7 dimensions, you need to REDUCE it to two features using Dimensionality Reduction algorithms like PCA, NMF, etc. What you did is actually IGNORING 5 dimensions of the points which are extremely informative for placing them in a 7-dimensional space.

## Solution

Everything is right. Just add a PCA to your code like this:

From sklearn.decomposition import PCA
Model = PCA(n_components=2)
X_new = Model.fit_transform(X)
... Use X_new instead of X for K-means procedure


Please note that I wrote this relying on my memory so better to check the documentation if I had a typo or smth. In case you have more question you can comment here.

Good Luck!