# Image data augmentation with this function

Following function is from http://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/neural_networks/plot_rbm_logistic_classification.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-neural-networks-plot-rbm-logistic-classification-py where it is used to augment digits data:

Its documentation says:

    This produces a dataset 5 times
bigger than the original one,
by moving the 8x8 images in X
around by 1px to left, right,
down, up

def nudge_dataset(X, Y):
direction_vectors = [
[[0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0]],

[[0, 0, 0],
[1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0]],

[[0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 1],
[0, 0, 0]],

[[0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0]]]

shift = lambda x, w: convolve(x.reshape((8, 8)), mode='constant',
weights=w).ravel()
X = np.concatenate([X] +
[np.apply_along_axis(shift, 1, X, vector)
for vector in direction_vectors])
Y = np.concatenate([Y for _ in range(5)], axis=0)
return X, Y


Can this function be used for any kind of image dataset?

## 1 Answer

Data augmentation is a technique for increasing the dataset size by performing certain operations over images such as translation, rotation, hue shift etc and increase the training dataset size. It could be applied to any kind of image dataset.

The above mentioned function seems to be applying shift with images of shape 8x8 and as far as the shape of the image is of this dimension, it will definitely work.

Refer to this paper for further reference.

• Do you mean above function will work for images which are not 8x8 but say 64x64? Will it work for rectangular images, e.g. 64x32 ? – rnso Sep 26 '18 at 8:55
• See the line that says x.reshape((8,8)). When it is fed with image dimensions anything greater than 8x8 is ought to throw error and the function should simply not work. – thanatoz Sep 26 '18 at 9:17
• How can this function be modified to handle larger matrices? I think direction_vectors will have to be rewritten. Can we simply make larger sub-matrices there and put 1 on one side (left, right, up and down)? – rnso Sep 26 '18 at 12:37