What is the difference between SVM classification error, SVM margin error, and SVM total error ? Is there any clear definition for them ? And what is C parameter in SVM ? Its totally confusing me !!!
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$\begingroup$ Can you add some context to where you heard or read these terms? $\endgroup$– WesFeb 18, 2019 at 14:56
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$\begingroup$ I suggest either learning what support vector machines are, through a systematic text, or leaving them alone. $\endgroup$– user85741Feb 27 at 15:26
1 Answer
A SVM has 3 very important components: the support vectors, the separating hyperplane and the margin.
- When a missclassification occurs, it is because a given point is on the wrong side of the separating hyperplane, and that's called a classification error.
- Whenever a point is inside the margin, that counts as a margin error.
- The total error of a SVM, is the sum of the classification error and the margin error.
Now, to understand the C parameter, you've got to know that there are 2 types of SVMs:
- Hard margin: these try to maximize the margin without introducing any kind of errors.
- Soft margin: which also share the same objective, but they allow for some classification and margin errors to occur. The number of errors allowed is controlled by the C parameter (which is often called the penalty parameter): if C is small, the SVM allows for some errors and therefore reaches better generalization; but as C increases, the SVM penalizes these errors more and more, eventually reaching the point that it allows no errors at all.
As you can see bellow on the left, a very large C restricts the model by not allowing any errors, showing very bad results when outliers are present. On the right, by using a small penalty parameter, we let that negative outlier to be in the positive area, therefore maximizing the margin value and reaching a more respectful separating hyperplane.
Although, observe that if you have a soft margin SVM with a very large C value, it will behave just like a hard margin SVM.