What does embedding mean in machine learning?

Question

I just met a terminology called "embedding" in a paper regarding deep learning. The context is "multi-modal embedding"

My guess: embedding of something is extract some feature of sth,to form a vector.

I couldn't get the explicit meaning for this terminology and that stops me from fully understanding the author's idea and model mechanism

I check the dictionary and search on line,but the explanation is based more on the real life meaning rather than meaning as a machine learning terminology.

And that raise a more generalized and frequently met question, when you find some machine learning terminology/word that you can't understand well, where can you get the solution, some specific way to google? join a machine learning group? raise a question in stack exchange?

Answer 1

In the context of machine learning, an embedding is a low-dimensional, learned continuous vector representation of discrete variables into which you can translate high-dimensional vectors. Generally, embeddings make ML models more efficient and easier to work with, and can be used with other models as well.

Typically, when I stumble upon jargon I'm not familiar with I first turn to Google, and if it can't be found I ping my colleagues and data science forums.

Answer 2

Embeddings are vector representations of a particular word.

In Machine learning, textual content has to be converted to numerical data to feed it into Algorithm.

One method is one hot encoding but it breaks down when we have large no of vocabulary. The size of word representation grows as the vocabulary grows. Also, it is sparse.

With embedding (fixed size vectors with lower dimension), the size of word representation can be controlled. Also, the vector representation stores the semantic relationship b/w words. There are pretrained embeddings Word2Vec, Glove etc available which can be used just as a lookup. Embeddings improve the performance of ML model significantly.

Answer 3

For me embedding is used to represent big sparse matrix into smaller dimensions, where each dimension(feature) represent a meaningful association with other elements in the embedding matrix.

Consider an example of NLP. Where each sentence broken down into words(also called token). Such set of different words make a vocabulary for NLP. Generally vocabulary have millions of words. All such words can be uniquely represented as OneHotEncoding.

Demerits of OneHotEncoding representation of words:

1. In case of large vocabulary, OneHotEncoding representation needs a big chunk of memory and computationally become very expensive.
2. OneHotEncoding is used to represent categorical values, where each entity is independent to other one, whereas words in vocabulary represent some association in terms of similar meanings or in some other way. OneHotEncoding not utilizing that capability for NLP.

In order to overcome both the issues, we use word Embedding, where each word represented in lesser dimension, where each dimension represent some sort of features and hence each dimension will have some values.

Answer 4

According to all answers(Thank you) and my google search I got a better understanding, So my newly updated understanding is:

The embedding in machine learning or NLP is actually a technique mapping from words to vectors which you can do better analysis or relating, for example, "toyota" or "honda" can be hardly related in words, but in vector space it can be set to very close according to some measure, also you can strengthen the relation ship of word by setting: king-man+woman = Queen.

so we can set boy to (1,0) and then set girl to (-1,0) to show they are in the same dimension but the meaning is just opposite. And all nouns that just diff in gender can be parallel~

My initial guess that embedding is extracting features from something is close but not specific enough.

And for my last point when you met a jargon in some special area how to quickly get the essential meaning of it, I still didn't find a very good way, maybe a website that can explain the meaning of jargon in that area will save great time for us.