Questions tagged [variance]
The variance tag has no usage guidance.
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Variance in statistics vs machine learning
In basic statistics, variance is a measure the variability of the data about its mean. In machine learning, variance is a measure of learning the training data too well/capturing the noise in the data/...
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Implication of a dominant Principal Component in PCA analysis
I need help, are there any practical implications of a dominant principal component. For example, if of three PCs, PC1 explains almost 100% of the variance in this dataset, What does this mean in ...
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Bias and variance in the model o in the predictions?
This topic confuses me. In the literature or articles, when talking about bias and variance in automatic learning, specifically in cross-validation, do they refer to the high bias (underfitting) and ...
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1answer
56 views
bias variance decomposition for classification problem
It is given that:
MSE = bias$^2$ + variance
I can see the mathematical relationship between MSE, bias, and variance. However, how do we understand the mathematical intuition of bias and variance for ...
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44 views
Math behind, MSE = bias^2 + variance
Based on the deeplearningbook:
$$MSE = E[(\theta_m^{-} - \theta)^2]$$
$$equals$$
$$Bias(\theta_m^{-})^2 + Var(\theta_m^{-})$$
where m is the number of samples ...
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ZCA: Covariance of Large Image Database
I have an overall question if my method is sound, so please bear with me in this description :).
I have a large image database and I wanted to create a preprocessing step using ZCA. The issue is that ...
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F-test for comparing the mean of two groups
What would be the procedure, in terms of F-test, if I would like to check if the mean of one group is greater than the other group (alternative hypothesis: $\mu_1 > \mu_2$)?
And also what would ...
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1answer
39 views
Massive variation in results with tensorflow and keras
I'm new to Tensorflow and Keras and I some background knowledge of how CNN's work.
I'm using a basic sequential model based on the code by https://pythonprogramming.net/convolutional-neural-network-...
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1answer
44 views
Bias-variance tradeoff and the uncertainty principle
Bias variance tradeoff seems to behave like the uncertainty principle, is it just another name for the same principle?
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7 views
Two tailed F test, correct rejection of the null hypothesis
I am performing an F test for equality of two variances by following this website formula https://itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda359.htm, however it states that
In the above formulas ...
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What are some common sources of variance in a convolutional neural network DICE scores?
I know it's basically impossible to pinpoint the exact answer to this question without data, code, architecture, etc, but I'm curious as to if anyone has any general ideas on why this might be ...
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74 views
Why can decision trees have a high amount of variance
I've heard that decision trees can have a high amount of variance, and that for a data set $D$ split into test/train the decision tree could be quite different depending on how the data was split. ...
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452 views
Why underfitting is called high bias and overfitting is called high variance?
I have been using terms like underfitting/overfitting and bias-variance tradeoff for quite some while in data science discussions and I understand that underfitting is associated with high bias and ...
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Measure of variety within list/cluster
I have a dataset of about 53000 points. It has been clustered twice, based on two sets of unrelated attributes. For the first clustering (clustering 1) I used DBScan, and it ended up with about 700 ...
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56 views
Finding unaffected data in a dataset
The data set has missing values. Further examination tells that they are spread along 1.5 standard deviation from the median with distribution mean = 0 & variance = 5. How much data (in percentage)...
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Would it make technical sense to model its two known subelements separately (CLV example)?
Let's assume Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is defined as average basket x frequency.
Option A is to build model predicting CLV ...
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1answer
117 views
Bias-variance tradeoff in practice (CNN)
I first trained a CNN on my dataset and got a loss plot that looks somewhat like this:
Orange is training loss, blue is dev loss. As you can see, the training loss is lower than the dev loss, so I ...
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2answers
109 views
Linear machine learning algorithms “often” have high bias/low variance?
In this blog, which explains the meaning of bias and variance in machine learning, there's a line under the heading "Bias-Variance Trade-Off"
which says:
Parametric or linear machine learning ...
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4answers
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Meaning of variance in machine learning models
I know that high variance cause overfitting, and high variance is that the model is sensitive to outliers.
But can I say Variance is that when the predicted points are too prolonged lead to high ...
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1answer
41 views
Initialisation methods and variance
I'm trying to understand some weights initialisation methods by reading the article http://proceedings.mlr.press/v9/glorot10a/glorot10a.pdf .
But I don't understand their notation on variance. Right ...
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2answers
629 views
Relationship between train and test error
I have some specific questions for which I could not extract answers from books. Therefore, I ask for help here and shall be extremely grateful for an intuitive explanation if possible.
In general, ...
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1answer
2k views
RL Advantage function why A = Q-V instead of A=V-Q?
In RL Course by David Silver - Lecture 7: Policy Gradient Methods, David explains what an Advantage function is, and how it's the difference between Q(s,a) and the V(s)
Preliminary, from this post:
...
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3answers
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What is the meaning of term Variance in Machine Learning Model?
I am familiar with terms high bias and high variance and their effect on the model.
Basically your model has high variance when it is too complex and sensitive too even outliers.
But recently I was ...
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Evaluation of regression models with different evaluations (MSE, variance, VAF etc.)
When comparing several regression models in terms of quality, it seems like most have agreed on the MSE.
There are also papers comparing "variance" and "variance accounted for (VAF)".
However, there ...
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1answer
66 views
Maths question on mean squared error being dervied to bias and variance
I am reading a book and have difficulty in understanding the math on bias-
variance tradeoff. Below is the section that I am having trouble with:
Given a set of training samples $x_1, x_2, ..., x_n$...
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1answer
25 views
sort occurrence matrix to minimize its spatial variance
Is there any algorithm or an approach that sort occurrence matrix to reduce its spatial variance. I mean by spatial variance moving window variance (n*n moving box).
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2answers
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How is the equation for the relation between prediction error, bias, and variance defined?
I'm reading this article Understanding the BiasVariance Tradeoff. It mentioned:
If we denote the variable we are trying to predict as $Y$ and our
covariates as $X$, we may assume that there is a ...
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1answer
21 views
How is the property in eq 15 obtained for Xavier initialization
I am new in this field so please be gentle with terminology.
In the original paper; "Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks", I dont understand how equation 15 is ...
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2answers
902 views
How to estimate the variance of regressors in scikit-learn?
Every classifier in scikit-learn has a method predict_proba(x) that predicts class probabilities for x. How to do the same thing ...
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366 views
How to sort tensor along two axis by variance in TensorFlow?
I have a function that visualizes 2D convolutional kernels. The weights come as 4D-tensors [filter_height, filter_width, in_channels, out_channels], as specified for conv2d. Now I try to sort the ...
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1answer
2k views
How to decide what threshold to use for removing low-variance features?
How to decide what threshold to use for removing low-variance features?
Particularly, I have 100000 features and the variances look like:
Could I e.g. take the average and use it to split this to ~...
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2answers
82 views
Trade off between Bias and Variance [closed]
What are the best ideas or approaches to trade off between bias and variance in Machine Learning models.
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1answer
398 views
Question on bias-variance tradeoff and means of optimization
So I was wondering how does one, for example, can best optimize the model they are trying to build when confronted with issues presented by high bias or high variance. Now, of course, you can play ...
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1answer
54 views
very low variance explained after applying pca
I applied PCA on MNIST data and found that the first 64 components are able to retain 86% of variance.
Is there any problem while applying pca to a big dataset like MNIST. Because in most of the ...
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1answer
73 views
Convert a pdf into a conditional pdf such that mean increases and std dev falls
Let success metric(for some business use case I am working on) be a continuous random variable S.
The mean of pdf defined on S indicates the chance of success. Higher the mean more is the chance of ...
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1answer
38 views
Bootstrapping or Randomly Dividing Dataset to reduce variance?
If I have 10,000 training samples then what should I do:
Bootstrapping and train 10 classifiers on it and then aggregating
Or
randomly divide the dataset into 10 parts and train 10 classifiers on ...
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2answers
110 views
How can I calculate mean and variance incrementally?
Say I have a set S of values, and want to store in a database some summary information about that set, so that later when I acquire a new value v I can make a reasonable estimate of what the summary ...
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998 views
How do you set sigma for the Gaussian similarity kernel?
Let's say we have $n$ two-dimensional vectors: $$\mathbf{x}_1,\dots,\mathbf{x}_i,\dots,\mathbf{x}_n=(x_{1_1},x_{1_2})^T,\dots,(x_{i_1},x_{i_2})^T,\dots,(x_{n_1},x_{n_2})^T$$ How do you set $\sigma$ ...
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Overfitting Naive Bayes
My question is what are potential reasons for Naive Bayes to perform well on a train set but poorly on a test set?
I am working with a variation of the 20news dataset. The dataset has documents, ...
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438 views
How to measure variance in a classification dataset?
I have a dataset that contains 20 predictor variables (both categorical and numeric) and one target variable (2 classes - Good and Bad). But, there are only 23 observations in the dataset. While I ...
