# All Questions

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294 views

### Formal proof of vanilla policy gradient convergence

So I stumbled upon this question, where the author asks for a proof of vanilla policy gradient procedures. The answer provided points to some literature, but the formal proof is nowhere to be included....
2k views

### Understanding Timestamps and Batchsize of Keras LSTM considering Hiddenstates and TBPTT

What I'm trying to do What I am trying to do is predicting the next data-point $x_t$ for each point in the timeseries $[x_0, x_1, x_2,...,x_T]$ in the context of a date-stream in real-time, in theory ...
1k views

### AdaBoost implementation and tuning for high dimensional feature space in R

I am trying to implement the AdaBoost.M1 algorithm (trees as base-learners) to a data set with a large feature space (~ 20.000 features) and ~ 100 samples in R. ...
68 views

### XGBoost skews towards minority class

I have a dataset with 85k positive labels and 53k negative labels. For this use-case, I am trying to maximize my efforts to the negative class (accurately identify true negatives, and minimize false ...
147 views

### ground truth fit is worse than cross validated fit on noisy data?

I am having these weird results when playing around with cross validation that I would greatly appreciate to have any comments. Briefly, I have a lower mean squared error (MSE) when doing regression (...
152 views

### Are there any graph embedding algorithms like this already?

I wrote an algorithm for generating node embeddings based on the graph's topology. Most of the explanation is done in the readme file and the examples. The question is: Am I reinventing the wheel? ...
140 views

### When is the sum of models the model of the sum?

The response variable in a regression problem, $Y$, is modeled using a data matrix $X$. In notation, this means: $Y$ ~ $X$ However, $Y$ can be separated out into different components that can be ...
8k views

### How is WordPiece tokenization helpful to effectively deal with rare words problem in NLP?

I have seen that NLP models such as BERT utilize WordPiece for tokenization. In WordPiece, we split the tokens like playing to play and ##ing. It is mentioned that it covers a wider spectrum of Out-Of-...
2k views

### Why is my Keras model not learning image segmentation?

Edit: as is turns out, not even the model's initial creator could successfully fine-tune it. This is most likely a problem of implementation, or possibly related to the non-intuitive way in which the ...
2k views

### Python : Feature Matching + Homography to find Multiple Objects

I'm trying to use OpenCV via Python to find multiple objects in a train image and match it with the key points detected from a query image. For my case, I'm trying to detect the tennis courts in the ...
918 views

### Comparing transition matrices for Markov chains

I have a population, each unit of which exists in one of several states that change over time. I am using first-order Markov chains to model these state transitions. My population can be segmented ...
131 views

### How to achieve SHAP values for a CatBoost model in R?

I'm asked to create a SHAP analysis in R but I cannot find it how to obtain it for a CatBoost model. I can get the SHAP values of an XGBoost model with ...
426 views

### Gensim LDA model: return keywords based on relevance (λ - lambda) value

I am using gensim library for topic modeling, more specifically LDA. I have created my corpus, my dictionary and my lda model, and with the help of pyLDAvis library I visualize the results. When I ...
150 views

### How to implement hierarchical labeling classification?

I am currently working on the task of eCommerce product name classification, so I have categories and subcategories in product data. I noticed that using subcategories as labels delivers worse results ...
2k views

### Tensorflow v1 Dataset API AttributeError with ndim

I'd like to make pipeline for optimizing Gpu and Cpu. Dataset It's about 10000 datapoint and 4 description variables for the regression problem. ...
58 views

### Training value neural network AlphaGo style

I have been trying to replicate the results obtained by AlphaGo following their supervise learning protocol. The papers specify that they use a network that has two heads: a value head that predicts ...
2k views

### Loss function for optimising precision & recall / sensitivity & specificity?

I've been using precision and recall as my metrics, as per keras-team/keras/pull/9393/files Sensitivity & specificity is what I want to optimise for. Every epoch I output it: ...
1k views

### How to tune weights in Voting Classifier (Sklearn)

I am trying to do the following: ...
478 views

### differences between LSQR and FTRL when working with very sparse data

I have a 2M instances dataset with millions of very very sparse dummy variables created using the hashing trick = ...
62 views

### Can one perform Feature Selection on a subset of training data?

I have a training data set with almost one million rows and I am considering eight features initially. My machine learning model will be Random Forest regressor. In Section 3.4.7 of "Feature ...
158 views

### XGBoost custom objective for regression in R

I implemented a custom objective and metric for a xgboost regression task. In order to see if I'm doing this correctly, I started with a quadratic loss. The ...
43 views

### Repeated k-fold Cross Validation for time series data?

I have a relative small sample size (330 with 45 features) + it's time series data. I want to train my LightGBM regression model for best generalized RMSE score and want to use repeated CV. I use ...
554 views

### BPE vs WordPiece Tokenization - when to use / which?

What's the general tradeoff between choosing BPE vs WordPiece Tokenization? When is one preferable to the other? Are there any differences in model performance between the two? I'm looking for a ...
131 views

### Seaborn Histogram: Unexpected gap at center of data

I'm going through this YouTube series on simulation by The Coding Train. I'm trying to graph some filtered random numbers, but seaborn is leaving an odd gap in the very middle of the histogram. My ...
207 views

### How to detect vanishing and exploding gradients with Tensorboard?

I have two "sub-questions" 1) How can I detect vanishing or exploding gradients with Tensorboard, given the fact that currently write_grads=True is deprecated in the Tensorboard callback as per "un-...
569 views

### Tensorflow, Optimizer.apply_gradient: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'merge_call'

My program gives the following error message: ...
55 views

### Fitting model to differenced time series

I have a time series on daily stock price of company(2013 data points).I took a first order difference and the following acf and pacf plots of the differenced series were obtained. However, I am ...
48 views

### Standardizing data from different distributions

I have energy data from different homes (~200), and I wish to merge all the energy data to create a combined dataset. Since the individual homes have different power consumption, I get different ...
1k views

3k views

### Kalman filter for time series prediction

I have the information about the behaviour of 400 users across period of 1 months (30 days). Across those 30 days I measure 4 different information (let's call it A,B,C and D), hence I have a total of ...
560 views

### Adversarial Learning for Semantic Segmentation

I am incorporating Adversarial Training for Semantic Segmentation from Adversarial Learning for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation. The idea is like this: The discriminator takes as input a ...
734 views

### ALS in Spark: what loss function is it minimizing?

I’ve playing with the MovieLens ratings dataset under Spark’s ALS and a manual implementation of ALS and comparing results with the same hyperparameters. I’d like to know this exactly in order to make ...
1k views

### In XGBoost, how to change eval function and keeping same objective?

I want to keep objective as "reg:linear" and eval_metric as customised rmse as follows. ...
746 views

### How does XGBoost compute the probabilities in predict_proba()?

I'm using the sklearn wrapper for XGBoost. I didn't manage to find a clear explanation for the way the probabilities given as output by predict_proba() are computed. In random forest for example, I ...
97 views

### Quantifying 'growth friction' when projecting target goals

As part of my DS work I spend some fraction of my time helping the team make growth projections, either for setting growth targets or when forecasting actual data. There is obviously a range of ways ...
1k views

### Keras objective function shared between outputs

Is there any way to implement a loss function that is shared between outputs? I have a 2D image output and scalar classification that are both used by a single loss function. I have attempted writing ...
95 views

### Fixed-radius range search in non-Euclidean space

I'm trying to find an indexing data structure most suitable for my metric space: set of IP network related data (IP addresses, ports, TCP flags, ...), distance function is continuous, non-Euclidean ...